{"id":8491,"date":"2021-09-24T13:57:24","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T20:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/?post_type=cpt_blog&#038;p=8491"},"modified":"2023-11-17T14:35:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T22:35:03","slug":"cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining","status":"publish","type":"cpt_blog","link":"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining","title":{"rendered":"CNC Machining vs. Manual Machining"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Humans do <em>not<\/em> like change. Believe it or not, after calculators were invented, some people refused to give up their slide rules. Similarly, CNC machining was invented decades ago, yet there are still those who prefer manual machining techniques. This preference persists despite CNC technology\u2019s ability to manufacture and replicate precision parts that are fully interchangeable with one another, while manual methods must make mating components as matched sets or produce custom replacements.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1rotate-1136053_1920.jpg\" alt=\"CNC turning machine\" class=\"wp-image-8494 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1rotate-1136053_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1rotate-1136053_1920-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1rotate-1136053_1920-1600x1200.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1rotate-1136053_1920-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Different Types of CNC Machines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC machining can produce a wide array of parts from the simplest component to the most <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/how-to-select-cnc-machining-tolerances-when-you-have-complex-requirements\">complex assembly<\/a>. Need to machine a gear shaft for a vehicle? Or an inlet for a heat exchanger shell on a military transport vehicle? What about a precision electrical contact for a fighter jet or a lifesaving pacemaker?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/the-ultimate-guide-to-cnc-machining\">CNC<\/a> is the process of \u201cfeeding\u201d a set of sequenced instructions into a specially designed, programmable controller and then using it to direct the movements of a machine tool. In all methods of CNC operation, data input and computer-controlled and monitored feedback are critical parts of the machining process. The path the tooling takes in removing material is also controlled by computer programming and calculations involving complex algorithms or interpolation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Listed below are the most common types of CNC machines and a breakdown of their typical uses and capabilities as compared to manual machines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. CNC Mill<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1136\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill.jpg\" alt=\"shell mill cutting chips from block of metal\" class=\"wp-image-8015 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill.jpg 1999w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill-768x436.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill-1600x909.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill-1536x873.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill-515x293.jpg 515w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/CNC-shell-mill-1500x852.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operation Overview&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/3-axis-to-12-axis-cnc-milling-machine-capabilities-compared\">CNC mills<\/a> remove material from a workpiece that\u2019s fixtured to a table via contact with a mobile, rotating tool. Typically, the mill has multiple degrees of freedom which allows for machining on multiple planes with one setup\/fixture. CNC mills are best for high-precision, high-speed manufacturing, and can drill, form slots, facilitate planing, cut grooves, and engrave material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of Parts&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC Mills can be utilized to make a variety of parts with intricate geometries, such as:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fittings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Housings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brackets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gears<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pacemaker shells<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Holes or material removal on cast parts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grooves for welds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Engine components like cylinder heads<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prototypes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gearboxes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefits over Manual Operation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC mills provide more precision and accuracy than manual mills because of their ability to utilize computer technology for positioning, depth control, and speed. A human operating a manual mill simply doesn\u2019t have the ability to perform real-time calculations or interpret resistance into feedback to alter the settings as a computer does. Manual mills also typically can only perform material removal in a single plane at a time, which seriously compromises throughput.<a href=\"https:\/\/d.docs.live.net\/131e8ec3b10cd47b\/Documents\/Fictiv\/CNC%20vs%20Manual%20Machining.docx#_ftn1\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. CNC Lathe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1285\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1lathe-2357305_1920.jpg\" alt=\"CNC lathe machining metal cylinder\" class=\"wp-image-8492 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1lathe-2357305_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1lathe-2357305_1920-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1lathe-2357305_1920-1600x1071.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1lathe-2357305_1920-1536x1028.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operation Overview<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC lathes remove material from a rotating workpiece by applying a stationary cutting tool. They\u2019re primarily used to create conical or cylindrical geometries or flatten a surface. Lathes can also alter surface roughness and drill, bore, ream, tap, face, or chamfer features. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/cnc-machining-service\/cnc-turning\">CNC turning<\/a> machine is a more efficient, enclosed version of a CNC lathe, that has more than one tool changer and is typically equipped with a chip conveyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of Parts&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Conical or circular geometries are the most optimal fit for a CNC Lathe, and so are used to manufacture:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fasteners<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shafts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Probes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Electrical contacts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pipe fittings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spindles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Altered geometric features on previously machined or formed parts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefits over Manual Operation&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC lathes replace manual\/conventional lathes that require highly skilled operators with years of training. Manual lathes also must be manually set up, don\u2019t have near the precision of their CNC counterparts, and produce much lower throughput as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. CNC Electric Discharge Machine<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sharp-edges-image-03-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"Small hole-drilling EDM machine\" class=\"wp-image-1754 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sharp-edges-image-03-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sharp-edges-image-03-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sharp-edges-image-03-515x363.jpg 515w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sharp-edges-image-03-638x450.jpg 638w, https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/sharp-edges-image-03.jpg 950w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">EDM drilling small holes<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operation Overview&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/all-about-electrical-discharge-machining\">Electric Discharge Machine or EDM<\/a> is the most complex CNC machine on this list. The machining process uses electrical discharges\/sparks to remove material from a workpiece submerged in dielectric fluid and placed between two electrodes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The computer calculates how much voltage to discharge through a dielectric fluid to create the desired shapes or features. The part is partially or fully immersed in dielectric fluid and does not make direct contact with tooling; instead, the spark is used as the cutting tool.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of Parts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to its nature, an EDM can easily machine intricate parts that traditionally are difficult to manufacture, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hardened\/heat treated parts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thin walled parts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Molds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CNC tooling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metal matrix composites&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fashion items like watches and jewelry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefit over Manual Operation&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>EDM services can replace nearly every single manual machining operation, including those performed on mills and lathes, provided the machined materials are conductive. The cost of wire EDM is higher, but the precision and setup provide a great cost-to-benefit ratio.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CNC Machining Delivers Higher Accuracy, Precision, and Interchangeability of Parts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only is CNC extremely versatile, as explained above, it\u2019s also widely available. CNC machines are utilized in many industries, and their use is increasing every year. The global CNC machine market is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/industry-reports\/computer-numerical-controls-cnc-machine-tools-market-101707\">projected<\/a> to grow from 83.99 billion USD in 2021 to 128.41 billion USD in 2028 \u2013&nbsp; that\u2019s over a 50% increase \u2014 and it\u2019s primarily due to an increased demand for greater manufacturing efficiency and precision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bottom line is that a CNC machine can perform more calculations and slight modifications to cutting rate, depth, and location than a human working on a manual mill or lathe. CNC machining can deliver tolerances to a thousandth of an inch in minutes, while manual machining requires hours of set-up, calculations, and measuring (not to mention years of training) to accomplish the same thing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because of their computational prowess, CNC machines manufacture parts with higher accuracy and precision, which makes them interchangeable with one another in assemblies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The True Cost Difference Between CNC and Manual Machining<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"490\" height=\"319\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fictiv1image1.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white image of machinist operating a manual lathe.\" class=\"wp-image-8493 lazyload\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC machines are faster and produce less waste than their manual counterparts. Manual machines which have undergone a CNC retrofit have been shown to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mmsonline.com\/articles\/the-economics-of-converting-manual-mills-to-cnc\">produce<\/a> parts 75-300% faster. Increasing throughput reduces part costs by decreasing the number of man-hours required to produce each part. Also, switching tools on a CNC machine can be over four times faster than on a similar manual machine. This results in faster turnaround times to get finished parts to customers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The higher accuracy and precision of CNC machines also produce a lower scrap rate and therefore a lower part cost. One such comparison calculated the following rejection rates for a 50,000-unit production volume run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Machining Method<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Total Units Manufactured<\/td><td>Units Scrapped<\/td><td>Total Cost to get 50,000 QC Passed Units<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Manual Machine<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">56,155<\/td><td>6,155<\/td><td>$202,158<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CNC Machine<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">50,000<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>$172,500<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Source: Simplified Time Estimation Booklet for Basic Machining Operations. (1996). In T. G. K. C. Polgar. Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.I.T.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lower scrap rates not only mean more money in your pocket upfront, but higher precision machining tends to decrease customer rejection rate as well. When you have a more precise, repeatable process, the risk for missing defects during inspection is low. This prevents the customer from receiving faulty parts which, in turn, increases customer satisfaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hopefully, this article has helped you understand the benefits of CNC machining and its advantages over manual methods. While there will always be hobby, woodworking, and prototyping applications for manual machining, CNC machining is a vast upgrade when it comes to industrial production.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only do CNC machines create parts faster, but those parts are more precise and making them creates less scrap and uses less labor. Plus, they increase production speed which leads to greater customer satisfaction. So, while human devotees of manual machining may not like change, they do like making money and making their customers happy \u2014 and CNC machining makes it easier to do both.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fictiv has a network of experienced and knowledgeable CNC machining partners who can deliver you the precision parts you need. Learn all about our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/cnc-machining-service\">CNC machining service<\/a>. All you need to do is <a href=\"https:\/\/app.fictiv.com\/signup\">create an account <\/a>and upload your part, and you can get an instant quote with free DFM feedback today!\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Humans do not like change. Believe it or not, after calculators were invented, some people refused to give up their slide rules. Similarly, CNC machining was invented decades ago, yet there are still those who prefer manual machining techniques. This preference persists despite CNC technology\u2019s ability to manufacture and replicate precision parts that are fully [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":7941,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","fictiv_role":[29],"fictiv_topic":[54],"fictiv_industry":[],"fictiv_manufacturing_process":[35],"coauthors":[168],"class_list":["post-8491","cpt_blog","type-cpt_blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","fictiv_topic-manufacturing-processes"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CNC Machining vs. Manual Machining | Fictiv<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the differences between CNC and manual machining, and how CNC machines deliver more accurate, precise, and interchangeable parts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CNC Machining vs. Manual Machining\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the differences between CNC and manual machining, and how CNC machines deliver more accurate, precise, and interchangeable parts.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fictiv\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-17T22:35:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image3-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1999\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1312\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"Tessa Axsom\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining\",\"name\":\"CNC Machining vs. Manual Machining | Fictiv\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image3-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-24T20:57:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-17T22:35:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about the differences between CNC and manual machining, and how CNC machines deliver more accurate, precise, and interchangeable parts.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image3-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image3-2.jpg\",\"width\":1999,\"height\":1312,\"caption\":\"G-code programs get loaded into the CNC machine to control the machining operations\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\/cnc-machining-vs-manual-machining#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/articles\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"CNC Machining vs. Manual Machining\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fictiv.com\/\",\"name\":\"Fictiv\",\"description\":\"On-Demand Manufacturing, CNC Machining &amp; 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